In the west, we often use the term Social Exclusion to describe an individual who has become excluded and isolated from mainstream society. In the developing world, it is a term that is more likely to be applied to whole communities or villages who have become isolated or forgotten from the rest of the country. There are many reasons why this might happen:

It is a serious problem for many rural communities. Often these communities suffer from high unemployment which leads to a higher instance of poverty. They suffer from slow economic development and often rely heavily on a local economy such as subsistence farming. Due to their isolation they are unable to trade with the outside world, meaning there is very little outside currency being brought into the community.

Other amenities such as health and education are also likely to be under-developed. Again, due to their location, the communities are often unable to retain any skilled professionals (such as teachers and health works), who will have a tendency to migrate to the more prosperous areas. They are also unable to recruit skilled workers from outside as many workers are unwilling to live and work in economically deprived areas.